As a landlord, your responsibility goes beyond collecting rent and maintaining the property. Ensuring the safety of your tenants is not only good practice but also a legal obligation. Electrical appliances are a key part of this responsibility, and PAT testing is one of the most reliable ways to make sure the equipment you provide is safe.
What is PAT Testing?
PAT (Portable Appliance Testing) is the process of checking electrical appliances to ensure they are safe to use. This involves:
- Visual inspections – Checking for obvious signs of damage like frayed cables, cracked plugs, or scorch marks.
- Electrical testing – Using specialized equipment to detect hidden faults such as poor insulation, wiring issues, or faulty earthing.
Once testing is complete, appliances are labelled with a PASS/FAIL sticker, and a report is generated for your records.
Is PAT Testing a Legal Requirement for Landlords?
Technically, PAT testing itself is not explicitly required by UK law. However, landlords are legally obliged to ensure that electrical appliances provided in rental properties are safe. Key legislation includes:
- The Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 – Requires all appliances and installations to be safe at the start and during a tenancy.
- The Housing Act 2004 – Imposes a duty of care on landlords to ensure properties are free from hazards, including electrical risks.
- The Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 1994 – States that all supplied electrical appliances must be safe.
PAT testing is widely recognised as the best way to meet these obligations and provides a clear, documented record of compliance.
Why PAT Testing is Important for Landlords
- Tenant Safety – Faulty appliances can cause fires, shocks, and injuries. Regular PAT testing reduces these risks.
- Legal Protection – PAT testing records show you’ve taken reasonable steps to comply with safety regulations.
- Insurance Compliance – Many insurers require evidence of regular appliance testing to validate coverage.
- Peace of Mind – Knowing that your appliances are safe protects both tenants and your property.
How Often Should Landlords Carry Out PAT Testing?
The frequency of PAT testing depends on the type of appliance and how often it’s used:
- At the start of each tenancy – All supplied appliances should be tested before new tenants move in.
- Every 1–2 years – For high-use appliances like kettles, microwaves, and extension leads.
- More frequently for HMOs (Houses in Multiple Occupation) – Appliances are used more intensively, so higher-risk items may need more regular checks.
Which Appliances Should Be Tested?
PAT testing applies to portable appliances, meaning any device that can be moved and plugged in. Common examples in rental properties include:
- Kettles, toasters, and microwaves
- Fridges, freezers, washing machines, and tumble dryers
- Lamps and heaters
- Extension leads and multi-plug adapters
Fixed appliances, such as built-in ovens or hardwired cookers, should be checked as part of an Electrical Installation Condition Report (EICR) instead.
Final Thoughts
While PAT testing isn’t strictly mandated by law, landlords must ensure that all supplied electrical appliances are safe. Regular PAT testing provides a simple, effective way to:
- Protect tenants from electrical hazards
- Demonstrate legal compliance
- Meet insurance requirements
- Maintain your reputation as a responsible landlord
If you haven’t had your appliances tested recently, now is the perfect time to book a PAT inspection and give both you and your tenants peace of mind.